niginx安装流程
零，准备工作
软件下载
mkdir -p /home/dancebear/programe
cd /home/dancebear/programe
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.2.2/xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
一、安装MySQL
编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ –without-debug –with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock –with-client-ldflags=-all-static –with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 –with-pthread –enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data –user=mysql –pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid –skip-locking –port=3306 –socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
②、启动MySQL（最后的&表示在后台运行）
/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf &
二、PHP安装（FastCGI）
#开始安装
#tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
#打php-fpm补丁
gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
#开始编译
#cd php-5.2.6/
#./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-debug –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl
#make && make install
#cd ../
创建www用户和组
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容：
All relative paths in this config are relative to php’s install prefix
Pid file
Error log file
Log level
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS …
… in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator’s shared memory.
Time limit on waiting child’s reaction on signals from master
Set to ‘no’ to debug fpm
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
&nb
sp; &
nbsp; Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is ‘ip.ad.re.ss:port’ or just ‘port’ or ‘/path/to/unix/socket’
Set listen(2) backlog
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
Unix user of processes
Unix group of processes
Process manager settings
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are ‘static’ and ‘apache-like’
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
Settings group for ‘apache-like’ pm style
&n
bsp; Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
Time limit on waiting execution of single request
Should be used when ‘max_execution_time’ ini option does not terminate execution for some reason
Set open file desc rlimit
Set max core size rlimit
Chroot to this directory at the start
Chdir to this directory at the start
Redirect workers’ stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
Pass environment variab
les like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启25个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
使用php-fpm可以不使用以下步骤
三，安装fastcgi
看了下网上兄弟们的文章，lighttpd里面的spawn-fcgi可用，那就编译一下 lighttpd-1.4.19，不用安装，然后按照以下方法设置：
#cp spawn-fcgi /opt/webser/php/bin/
#chmod +x /opt/webser/php/bin/spawn-fcgi
运行fastcgi：
#/opt/webser/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 8080 -C 64 -u www -f /opt/webser/php/bin/php-cgi
关于spawn-fcgi的运行参数，可以查看：
http://linux.die.net/man/1/spawn-fcgi
四、安装nginx
#/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 68
#/usr/sbin/useradd -u 68 -g www www
#mkdir -p /home/data/www
#chmod +w /home/data/www
#chown -R www:www /home/data/www
在测试过程中，服务目录是/home/data/www，挺别致的吧，呵呵，
#tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
#tar zxvf nginx-0.5.35.tar.gz
#cd nginx-0.5.35
#./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/opt/webser/nginx –with-pcre=/home/alpha/nginx-php/pcre-7.2 –with-http_stub_status_module
#make && make install
更多的关于nginx的configure参数可以查看：
http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxChsInstall
五，nginx配置
编辑Nginx配置文件nginx.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
配置文件内容
user www www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/niginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_path /dev/shm;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.tt.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/vhost/tt.com/root;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include fcgi.conf; &nb
sp;
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
log_format access ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for’;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.203.129;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/niginx/html;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include fcgi.conf;
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
log_format wwwlogs ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for’;
access_log /usr/local/nigix/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.tt.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
编辑配置文件fcgi.conf
vim /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
文件内容如下：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
查看Nginx主进程号
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}’
杀掉Nginx进程
kill -HUP Nginx进程ID
或者执行
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
直接杀死进程即可重新载入配置文件而不用重启nginx进程
配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vim /etc/rc.local
增加一下内容
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx
/sbin/nginx
优化Linux内核参数
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
增加:
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
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